In 1995, Choi et al. of the Argonne National Laboratory in the United States first proposed the concept of nanofluids. A nanofluid is a stable suspension formed by adding a small amount of nanoparticles (particles with a particle size of less than 100 nm) to a liquid medium (base solution) in a certain ratio and method. Nanofluids have great potential applications in the fields of energy, chemical, automotive, construction, and microelectronics, and thus become a research hotspot in many fields such as materials, physics, chemistry, and heat transfer.

Types of nanoparticles: metals (Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, Ni, etc.), metal oxides (Al2O3, CuO, ZnO, Fe3O4, etc.), non-metallic inorganic compounds (SiC, SiO2, MoS2, ZrO2, etc.), organic compounds (Carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, etc.).

The base liquid includes: water, ethylene glycol, acetone, olefins, fats, engine oil, heat transfer oil, transformer oil, and the like.

Reprinted from the network